You Only Live Twice (film)

You Only Live Twice (1967) is the fifth spy film in the James Bond series, and the fifth to star Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film's screenplay was written by Roald Dahl, and based on Ian Fleming's 1964 novel of the same name. It is the first James Bond film to discard most of Fleming's plot, using only a few characters and locations from the book as the background for an entirely new story.

In the film, Bond is dispatched to Japan after American and Soviet manned spacecraft disappear mysteriously in orbit. With each nation blaming the other amidst the Cold War, Bond travels secretly to a remote Japanese island in order to find the perpetrators and comes face to face with Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE. The film reveals the appearance of Blofeld who was previously a partially unseen character. SPECTRE is both working on behalf of and extorting the government of an unnamed Asian power, implied to be Red China[1][2], in order to provoke war between the superpowers, China being at odds with both sides at the time: see Sino-Soviet split.

During the Japanese location filming Sean Connery announced that he was resigning from the role of Bond; however, Connery did later return in Diamonds Are Forever and the non EON Bond film Never Say Never Again. You Only Live Twice is the first Bond film to be directed by Lewis Gilbert, who later directed 1977's The Spy Who Loved Me and 1979's Moonraker, both starring Roger Moore. These three Bond films are notable for being epic in scale.

The first Bond film to be released in the northern hemisphere summertime, the film was a great success, with positive reviews and over $111M in worldwide box office, and has been parodied most prominently by the Austin Powers series and its scar-faced, Nehru suit-wearing Dr. Evil. The title song to the film, originally performed by Nancy Sinatra, was used by British singer Robbie Williams in his hit "Millennium".

Contents

Plot

An American Jupiter spacecraft (similar to the real-life Gemini spacecraft) is hijacked from orbit by an unidentified spacecraft; a similar fate next befalls a manned Soviet spacecraft. With each country thinking that the other is the cause of its loss, the world is thrown to the brink of World War III. The United Kingdom's government, however, believes the spacecraft landed in the Sea of Japan, thus suspecting Japanese involvement.

The pre-credit sequence depicted 007 (Sean Connery) faking his murder in Hong Kong, allowing Bond more freedom to operate. He is sent to Japan to investigate the British suspicion, in conjunction with the Japanese secret service leader "Tiger" Tanaka (Tetsurō Tamba).

Upper body shot of two men and a woman in a kimono, looking down.
Tanaka, Aki and Bond plot their attack on Blofeld by examining Tanaka's gadgets and weapons.

At a Tokyo sumo wrestling match, Bond contacts Tanaka's assistant Aki (Akiko Wakabayashi), who takes him to meet with a local MI6 operative, Dikko Henderson (Charles Gray). Henderson claims to have critical evidence for the rogue craft originating in Japan, but is murdered before he can reveal it. Bond kills the assailant and steals his identity. He is driven to the source of the conspiracy, which turns out to be Osato Chemicals. Once there, Bond breaks into an office safe of the Japanese corporate head, Mr. Osato (Teru Shimada), and steals some documents after triggering the alarm.

As Bond ducks gunfire, Aki picks him up in her car. However, Bond becomes suspicious when she avoids his questions and flees to a secluded subway station. When Bond chases her, he falls through a trapdoor and slides into Tanaka's office. After identifying each other (the secret code is "I love you"), they examine Bond's documents. The main item of interest is a tourist photograph of a cargo ship called the Ning-Po and a microdot on it containing a message that operatives "liquidated" the tourist who took the photo as a security measure.

The following morning, 007 goes to Osato Chemicals under the guise of Mr. Fisher, head of Empire Chemicals, to meet Mr. Osato himself. Once the industrialist arrives by helicopter with his secretary, Helga Brandt (Karin Dor), he introduces himself and discusses Fisher's supposed business with Empire Chemicals. As Bond leaves, Osato tells Helga Brandt, "Kill him." Outside the building, a carload of assassins pursue 007 after once again being rescued in the nick of time by Aki in her Toyota 2000GT. The couple are chased to a highway, where a Japanese SIS helicopter literally picks up the assassins' car with a huge magnet and drops it into Tokyo Bay. Bond and Aki continue driving to Kobe and the city's docks, where the Ning-Po is docked. After being discovered by many more SPECTRE henchmen, they give chase but Bond eludes them until Aki gets away and Bond is captured. He awakens tied up in Helga Brandt's cabin onboard the Ning-Po. She briefly interrogates Bond, who manages to bribe his way out of imprisonment. The next day Brandt flies Bond to Tokyo in a private plane, but en route she sets off a flare in the plane and bails out. As the plane dives out of control, Bond manages to land and escape just before the plane explodes. He then returns to Tanaka with information. Interested in what was worth killing for in that photo, Bond investigates the company's dock facilities and discovers that the ship was delivering liquid oxygen, an oxidizer for rocket fuel; the document used the term LOX, which Bond states is an American name for smoked salmon, providing a convenient cover. Together, Bond and Tanaka learn that the true mastermind behind this is Osato's boss Ernst Stavro Blofeld and his organization SPECTRE, who had recently killed Helga Brandt for her failure to eliminate Bond.

After the spies learn from surveillance photos that the Ning-Po unloaded its cargo overnight at the island, Bond investigates the area in the air with a heavily armed autogyro called Little Nellie, brought from London by Q (Desmond Llewelyn). While in midflight and having no luck finding the SPECTRE base, Bond is attacked by four armed helicopters, but he destroys them all. Preparing to conduct a closer investigation of the island, Bond trains with Tanaka and his elite ninja force. Tanaka suggests that the best disguise for Bond is as a Japanese fisherman. Shortly after, Bond narrowly escapes being poisoned by an assassin, who kills Aki by mistake after she and Bond share a passionate night together. Bond receives training in Japanese culture and stages marriage to Tanaka's student, Kissy Suzuki (Mie Hama).

Upper body shot of Bond and another man who is holding an animal.
Bond and Ernst Stavro Blofeld.

To make matters worse, Bond and Tanaka learn that the United States has moved up its next space mission, which means it will likely be hijacked by SPECTRE and a world war will begin before they can stop the plot. However, they gain a major clue when Kissy mentions that a local woman just died after rowing her boat into a cave in the area where Bond's aerial battle took place.

Bond and Kissy set out on a reconnaissance mission to the cave and then up the mountain, discovering a secret rocket base hidden in a hollow volcano. Bond slips in through the crater door, while Kissy returns to alert Tanaka. Bond locates and frees the captured Soviet and American astronauts, and with their help, he steals a spacesuit in attempt to infiltrate the SPECTRE craft (code named "Bird One"). Before he can enter the craft, Blofeld notices Bond mishandle the air conditioning unit of his suit and detains him. Kissy has her own difficulties when she is sighted swimming and attacked by a helicopter, but she vanishes underwater. Bond is taken to Blofeld (Donald Pleasence) for interrogation, while Bird One is launched with the backup astronaut aboard.

Soon after, Kissy leads Tanaka's troops to the crater entrance, but they are fired upon by the crater's sentry guns. Meanwhile, Bird One closes in on the American space capsule and US forces prepare to launch a nuclear attack on the USSR. In response, Bond asks for a cigarette, which conceals a small rocket. Killing the guard next to the crater hatch controls, Bond manages to open the ceiling entrance and allows Tanaka's ninja troops to storm the base. During the battle the control room is evacuated, and Osato is shot by Blofeld for his failure to kill 007. Escaping Blofeld, Bond rejoins Tanaka and Kissy, then fights his way back into the control room, where a self-destruct switch exists for the spacecraft. After defeating Blofeld's bodyguard, Hans (Ronald Rich), Bond manages to get the self-destruct key from him and detonates Bird One, seconds before it reaches the American craft.

The Americans stand down after learning their spacecraft is safe. Blofeld escapes along a secret passage, but before leaving he activates the base's self-destruct system, killing several dozen more of Tanaka's men. Bond, Kissy, Tanaka, and the surviving ninjas escape through the cave tunnel which Bond and Kissy found. Safe from the now erupting volcano, the survivors board air-dropped lifeboats, and Bond (along with Kissy) is picked up by M's submarine.

Cast

Large, underground missile silo with a missile pointing out the hole toward the sky next to a support structure. Five characters stand in the foreground.
The sets of Blofeld's hideout at Pinewood Studios. From left, Lois Maxwell, Akiko Wakabayashi, Sean Connery, Karin Dor and Mie Hama witness the set during a break in filming.

Production

You Only Live Twice brought a new director, screenwriter and initially a new editor to the series. It was also the first Bond film to completely depart from the novel it was based on. Toho Studios provided soundstages, personnel and the female Japanese stars to the producers.[4]

A roadster with headlights retracted and a smooth, moulded design.
Toyota 2000GT Open-Top

On Her Majesty's Secret Service was the intended next film, but the producers decided to adapt You Only Live Twice instead because OHMSS would require searching for high and snowy locations. Lewis Gilbert originally declined the offer to direct, but accepted after producer Albert R. Broccoli called him saying: "You can't give up this job. It's the largest audience in the world." Peter Hunt believed that Gilbert had been contracted by the producers for other work but they found they had to use him.[5]'

Gilbert, producers Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, production designer Ken Adam and director of photography Freddie Young then went to Japan, spending three weeks searching for locations. SPECTRE’s shore fortress headquarters was changed to an extinct volcano after the team learned that the Japanese don't build castles by the sea. The group was due to return to the UK on a BOAC Boeing 707 flight (BOAC Flight 911) on 5 March 1966, but canceled after being told they had a chance to watch a ninja demonstration.[6] That flight crashed 25 minutes after takeoff, killing all on board.[7]

Kingsley Amis said that he had been asked to provide a screenplay for a Bond film by the producers but it was rejected in December 1965.[8] Originally the producers had Harold Jack Bloom come to Japan with the producers to write a screenplay that was ultimately rejected, but Dahl used several of Bloom's ideas. Bloom was given the credit of "Additional Story Material".[9]Roald Dahl, close friend of Ian Fleming, was chosen to write the adaptation despite having no prior experience writing a screenplay except for the uncompleted The Bells Of Hell Go Ting-a-ling-a-ling.[6]

Lewis Gilbert's regular editor, Thelma Connell, was originally hired to edit the film. However, after her initial, almost three-hour cut received a terrible response from test audiences, Peter R. Hunt was asked to re-edit the film. Hunt's cut proved a much greater success, and he was awarded the director's chair on the next film as a result. Hunt also directed many of the second unit scenes.

Unlike most James Bond films featuring various locales around the world, almost the entire film is set in one country and several minutes are given over to an elaborate Japanese wedding. This is in keeping with Fleming's original novel, which also devoted a number of pages to the discussion of Japanese culture.

Casting

Upper body shot of a middle aged man with short, greying hair, moustache and goatee, holding a cat in his arms.
Jan Werich's screentest as Blofeld

When the time came to begin You Only Live Twice, the producers were faced with the problem of a disenchanted star. Sean Connery had stated that he was tired of playing James Bond and all of the associated commitment (time spent filming and publicising each movie), together with finding it difficult to do other work, which would potentially lead to typecasting.[10] Saltzman and Broccoli were able to persuade Connery by increasing his fee for the film, but geared up to look for a replacement.

Jan Werich was originally cast by producer Harry Saltzman to play Blofeld. Upon his arrival at the Pinewood set, both producer Albert R. Broccoli and director Lewis Gilbert felt that he was a poor choice, resembling a "poor, benevolent Santa Claus". Nonetheless, in an attempt to make the casting work, Gilbert continued filming. After several days, both Gilbert and Broccoli determined that Werich wasn't menacing enough, and recast Blofeld with Donald Pleasence in the role.[6] Pleasence's ideas for Blofeld's appearance included a hump, a limp, a beard, and a lame hand, before he settled on the scar.[11] He found it uncomfortable, though, because of the glue that attached it to his eye.[12]

Many European models were tested for Helga Brandt, with German actress Karin Dor being cast. Dor performed the stunt of diving into a pool to depict Helga's demise herself, without the use of a double.[13] Strangely, for the German version Dor was dubbed by somebody else.[14]

Gilbert had chosen Tetsurō Tamba after working with him in The 7th Dawn. A number of actual martial arts experts were hired as the ninjas, with Masaaki Hatsumi serving as the technical advisor on ninjutsu.[15] The two Japanese female parts proved difficult to cast, due to most of the actresses tested having limited English. Akiko Wakabayashi and Mie Hama were eventually chosen and started taking English classes in the UK. Hama, initially cast in the role of "Suki" (Tanaka's assistant) had difficulty with the language, so the producers switched her role with Wakabayashi, who had been cast as Kissy, a part with significantly less dialogue. Wakabayashi only requested that her character name, "Suki", be changed to "Aki".[6]

Filming

Small, one man, open-cockpit helicopter on a lawn about the size of a car next to it, with a man sitting in it.
The Little Nellie autogyro with its creator and pilot, Ken Wallis

Filming of You Only Live Twice extended from July 1966 to March 1967[16]. The film was shot primarily in Japan. Himeji Castle in Hyōgo was depicted as Tanaka's ninja training camp. His private transportation hub was filmed at the Tokyo Metro's Nakano-shimbashi Station. The Hotel New Otani, Tokyo served as the outside for Osato Chemicals and the hotel's gardens were used for scenes of the ninja training. Bōnotsu in Kagoshima served as the fishing village, the Kobe harbor was used for the dock fight and Mount Shinmoe-dake in Kyūshū was used for the exteriors of SPECTRE's headquarters.[6][17][18] Large crowds were present in Japan to see the shooting. A Japanese fan began following Sean Connery with a camera, and the police were called several times to prevent invasions during shooting.[6][12]

The heavily armed autogyro "Little Nellie" was included after Ken Adam heard a radio interview with its inventor, RAF Wing Commander Ken Wallis. Wallis piloted his invention, which was equipped with various mock-up armaments by John Stears' special effects team, during production.[19] "Nellie's" battle with helicopters proved to be difficult to film. The scenes were initially shot in Miyazaki, first with takes of the gyrocopter, with more than 85 take-offs, 5 hours of flight and Wallis nearly crashing onto the camera several times. A scene filming the helicopters from above created a major updraft and cameraman John Jordan's foot was severed by the craft's rotor. Filming was interrupted. The concluding shots involved explosions, which the Japanese government did not allow in a national park. So, the crew moved to Torremolinos, Spain, which was found to resemble the Japanese landscape.[6]

The sets of SPECTRE's volcano base were constructed at a lot inside Pinewood Studios, with a cost of $1 million and including operative heliport and monorail.[6][17] The 45 m (148 ft) tall set could be seen from 5 kilometres (3 miles) away, and attracted many people from the region.[20] Other locations outside Japan included the ship HMS Tenby in Gibraltar for the sea burial,[21] Hong Kong for the scene where Bond fakes his death, and Norway for the Soviet radar station.[6][18][20]

Sean Connery's then wife Diane Cilento did the swimming scenes for at least five Japanese actresses, including Mie Hama.[6]

Music

The soundtrack was the fourth of the series to be composed by John Barry. He tried to incorporate the "elegance of the Oriental sound" with Japanese music-inspired tracks.[22] The theme song, "You Only Live Twice", was composed by Barry and lyricist Leslie Bricusse and sung by Nancy Sinatra. Sinatra was reported to be very nervous while recording — first she wanted to leave the studio; then she claimed to sometimes "sound like Minnie Mouse".[23] Barry declared that the final song uses 25 different takes[22]. There are two versions of the song "You Only Live Twice", sung by Nancy Sinatra, one directly from the movie soundtrack, and a second one for record release arranged by Billy Strange. The movie soundtrack song is widely recognised for its striking opening bars, French horns, and oriental flavor, and was far more popular on radio. The record release made #44 on the Billboard charts in the USA, #11 in UK. Both versions of the title song are available on CD.

In 1998, Robbie Williams sampled the title song "You Only Live Twice" for the chart-topper "Millennium". A rock version of "You Only Live Twice" was covered by Coldplay when they toured in 2001, and was covered by Natacha Atlas for her 2005 compilation album The Best of Natacha Atlas. Icelandic singer Björk also recorded a cover version, as has Shirley Bassey, who has three original Bond themes to her credit.

A different title song was originally recorded by Julie Rogers, but eventually discarded. Only two lines from that version were kept in the final lyrics, and the orchestral part was changed to fit Nancy Sinatra's vocal range. Rogers' version only appeared in a James Bond 30th Anniversary CD, with no singer credit.[24][25][26] In the 1990s, an alternative example of a possible theme song (also called "You Only Live Twice" and sung by Lorraine Chandler) was discovered in the vaults of RCA Records. Probably intended as a demo for consideration by the film's producers, it became a very popular track with followers of the Northern soul scene (Chandler was well known for her high-quality soul output on RCA) and can be found on several RCA soul compilations.[27]

Release and reception

You Only Live Twice premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. It was the first premiere of a James Bond film that Queen Elizabeth II had attended.[28] The film grossed $43 million in the United States and over $111 million worldwide.[29]

Critical response today is mostly positive, with Rotten Tomatoes giving a 70% "fresh" rating.[30] But most reviews pointed out various flaws in the film. James Berardinelli said that the first half was good, but "during the second half, as the plot escalates beyond the bounds of preposterousness, that the film starts to fragment", criticizing "too extravagant rockets which swallow up spacecraft" and Blofeld's appearance.[31] Roger Ebert criticized the focus on gadgets, declaring that the James Bond formula "fails to work its magic".[32] John Brosnan in his book James Bond in the Cinema compared the film to an episode of Thunderbirds with his reliance on gadgetry but admitted it had pace and spectacle. Christopher Null considered the film one of James Bond's most memorable adventures, but the plot "protracting and quite confusing".[33] Ali Barclay of BBC Films panned Dahl's script displaying "a whole new world of villainy and technology."[34] Leo Goldsmith lauded the volcano base as "the most impressive of Ken Adam's sets for the franchise."[35] Danny Peary wrote that You Only Live Twice "should have been about twenty minutes shorter” and described it as “not a bad Bond film, but it doesn’t compare to its predecessors – the formula had become a little stale.”[36]

IGN ranked You Only Live Twice as the fourth best Bond movie,[37] and Entertainment Weekly as the second best, considering that it "pushes the series to the outer edge of coolness".[38] But Norman Wilner of MSN chose it as the fifth worst, criticizing the plot, action scenes and little screentime for Blofeld.[39] Literary critic Paul Simpson called the film one of the most colourful of the series and credited the prefecture of Kagoshima for adding "a good flavour" of Japanese influence on the film.[40] However he panned the depiction of Blofeld as a "let-down", "small, bald and a whooping scar."[41] Simon Winder said that the film is "perfect" for parodies of the series.[42] There is general consensus that John Barry's score is one of the best in the Bond series.

Broadcast television versions

The mid-1970s broadcasts on ABC was arguably, confusingly reedited in places. For example, the pre-credits scenes were placed after the opening credits, save for a few seconds shown prior to the theme song.

Years later, on ABC's Bond Picture Show, the opening song by Nancy Sinatra was sped up. Meanwhile, new opening credit graphic titles were created in the Lydian Font. The original theatrical prints from 1967 featured them in the Flare Gothic font. The arrangement of the credits however, remained the same (Maurice Binder's original opening background designs were unaltered).

References

  1. ↑ http://www.britmovie.co.uk/films/You-Only-Live-Twice
  2. ↑ http://www.bfi.org.uk/whatson/node/8851
  3. ↑ Black, Jeremy (2005-06-01). "The Brosnan films". The Politics of James Bond: From Fleming's Novels to the Big Screen. Bison Books. p. 167. 
  4. ↑ p.89 Kalat, David A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series2007 McFarland
  5. ↑ http://debrief.commanderbond.net/lofiversion/index.php/t14306.html
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Production Staff. (2000). Inside You Only Live Twice: An Original Documentary. [Television]. MGM Home Entertainment Inc. 
  7. ↑ "1966: Passenger jet crashes into Mount Fuji". BBC News Online. 1966-03-05. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/5/newsid_2515000/2515321.stm. Retrieved 2007-11-17. 
  8. ↑ p. 537 Leader, Zachary The Life of Kingsley Amis 2006 Jonathan Cape
  9. ↑ http://www.tomsoter.com/?q=node/829
  10. ↑ In Praise of George Lazenby - Alternative 007
  11. ↑ Ian Nathan (October 2008). "Unseen Bond". Empire: pp. 100. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 You Only Live Twice Commentary track. [DVD]. MGM Home Entertainment Inc. 2000. 
  13. ↑ Karin Dor. (2000). You Only Live Twice Commentary track. MGM Home Entertainment Inc. 
  14. ↑ http://www.synchronkartei.de/index.php?action=show&type=film&id=2064 Deutsche Synchronkartei
  15. ↑ IMDb Entry For Masaaki Hatsumi
  16. ↑ (2006) Album notes for You Only Live Twice Ultimate Edition DVD.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 On Location With Ken Adam. You Only Live Twice: Ultimate Edition DVD (Disc 2): MGM Home Entertainment. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Exotic Locations. You Only Live Twice: Ultimate Edition DVD (Disc 2): MGM Home Entertainment. 
  19. ↑ (2006) Album notes for You Only Live TwiceThunderball Ultimate Edition DVD.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 John Cork. (2000). You Only Live Twice Commentary track. MGM Home Entertainment Inc. 
  21. ↑ http://www.jeffmays.talktalk.net/007.htm
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 John Barry. (2000). You Only Live Twice Commentary track. [DVD]. MGM Home Entertainment Inc. 
  23. ↑ Nancy Sinatra. (2000). You Only Live Twice Commentary track. [DVD]. MGM Home Entertainment Inc. 
  24. ↑ "You Only Sing Twice". MI6.co.uk. 2007-06-17. http://www.mi6.co.uk/sections/articles/yolt_song_history.php3. Retrieved 2008-02-02. 
  25. ↑ "Julie Rogers Interview". MI6.co.uk. 2007-06-27. http://www.mi6.co.uk/sections/articles/interview_julie_rogers.php3?t=yolt&s=yolt. Retrieved 2008-02-02. 
  26. ↑ "You Only Live Twice soundtrack". The James Bond Dossier. http://www.tjbd.co.uk/content/james-bond-soundtracks/you-only-live-twice-soundtrack.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-23. 
  27. ↑ "Biography - Lorraine Chandler". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:fnfwxqrgldhe~T1. Retrieved 2008-02-02. 
  28. ↑ "Daniel Craig makes his 007 debut at premiere of Casino Royale". Daily Mail. 2006-11-18. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=416461&in_page_id=1773&ico=Homepage&icl=TabModule&icc=picbox&ct=5. Retrieved 2006-11-21. 
  29. ↑ "You Only Live Twice". The Numbers. Nash Information Service. http://the-numbers.com/movies/1967/0YOLT.php. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  30. ↑ "You Only Live Twice (1967)". rottentomatoes.com. http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/you_only_live_twice/. Retrieved 2007-11-17. 
  31. ↑ Berardinelli, James (1996). "You Only Live Twice". Reelviews.net. http://www.reelviews.net/movies/y/you_only.html. Retrieved 2008-03-04. 
  32. ↑ Roger Ebert (1967-06-19). "You Only Live Twice review". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19670619/REVIEWS/706190301/1023. Retrieved 2008-03-04. 
  33. ↑ Null, Christopher. "You Only Live Twice". Filmcritic.com. http://www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/You-Only-Live-Twice. Retrieved 2008-03-04. 
  34. ↑ "You Only Live Twice (1967)". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/06/27/you_only_live_twice_1967_review.shtml. Retrieved 2008-03-07. 
  35. ↑ Goldsmith, Leo. "You Only Live Twice". NotComming.com. http://www.notcoming.com/reviews/youonlylivetwice/. Retrieved 2008-03-07. 
  36. ↑ Danny Peary, Guide for the Film Fanatic (Simon & Schuster, 1986) p.482
  37. ↑ "James Bond's Top 20". IGN. 2006-11-17. http://movies.ign.com/articles/746/746573p4.html. Retrieved 2008-03-04. 
  38. ↑ Benjamin Svetkey, Joshua Rich (2006-11-15). "Ranking the Bond Films". http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1560072_21,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-04. 
  39. ↑ Norman Wilner. "Rating the Spy Game". MSN. http://movies.sympatico.msn.ca/features/ArticleNormanWilner.aspx?cp-documentid=436189. Retrieved 2008-03-04. 
  40. ↑ Simpson, Paul (2003-01-13). The Rough Guide to James Bond. Rough Guides. p. 266. ISBN 1843531429. 
  41. ↑ Simpson 71
  42. ↑ Winder, Simon (2007-10-02). Reprint edition. ed. The Man Who Saved Britain: A Personal Journey into the Disturbing World of James Bond. Picador. p. 226. ISBN 0312426666. 

External links

Preceded by
Thunderball		 James Bond Films
1967		 Succeeded by
On Her Majesty's Secret Service
James Bond films
EON Productions
Dr. No (1962) · From Russia with Love (1963) · Goldfinger (1964) · Thunderball (1965) · You Only Live Twice (1967) · Diamonds Are Forever (1971)
Live and Let Die (1973) · The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) · The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) · Moonraker (1979) · For Your Eyes Only (1981) · Octopussy (1983) · A View to a Kill (1985)
Non-EON films
"Casino Royale" (Climax! episode) (1954) · Casino Royale (1967) · Never Say Never Again (1983)
Works by Roald Dahl
Children's novels

The Gremlins (1943) · James and the Giant Peach (1961) · Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964) · The Magic Finger (1966) · Fantastic Mr Fox (1970) · Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator (1972) · Danny, the Champion of the World (1975) · The Enormous Crocodile (1978) · The Twits (1980) · George's Marvellous Medicine (1981) · The BFG (1982) · The Witches (1983) · The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me (1985) · Matilda (1988) · Esio Trot (1989) · The Minpins (1991) · The Vicar of Nibbleswicke (1991)
Children's poetry

Revolting Rhymes (1982) · Dirty Beasts (1983) · Rhyme Stew (1989)
Adult novels

Sometime Never: A Fable for Supermen (1948) · My Uncle Oswald (1979)
Adult short story
collections

Over to You: Ten Stories of Flyers and Flying (1946) · Someone Like You (1953) · Kiss Kiss (1960) · Switch Bitch (1974) · The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More (1977) · Tales of the Unexpected (1979) · More Tales of the Unexpected (1980) · Two Fables (1986) · Roald Dahl: Collected Stories (2006)
Non-fiction

The Mildenhall Treasure (1946) · Boy: Tales of Childhood (1984) · Going Solo (1986) · Memories with Food at Gipsy House (1991) · Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety (1991) · My Year (1993)
Film adaptations

Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971) · Danny, the Champion of the World (1989) · The BFG (1989) · The Witches (1990) · James and the Giant Peach (1996) · Matilda (1996) · Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) · Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009)
Plays

The Honeys (1955)
Film scripts

You Only Live Twice (1967) · Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) · The Night Digger (1971) · Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971)
Television series

Way Out (1961) · Tales of the Unexpected (1979–88)
See also

Roald Dahl short stories bibliography · List of Tales of the Unexpected episodes
Films directed by Lewis Gilbert
1940s
The Little Ballerina (1944)
1950s
Once a Sinner (1950) · Scarlet Thread (1951) · There Is Another Sun (1951) · Emergency Call (1952) · Time Gentlemen, Please! (1952) · Cosh Boy (1953) · Johnny on the Run (1953) · Albert R.N. (1953) · The Good Die Young (1954) · The Sea Shall Not Have Them (1954) · Cast a Dark Shadow (1955) · Reach for the Sky (1956) · The Admirable Crichton (1957) · Carve Her Name with Pride (1958) · A Cry from the Streets (1958) · Ferry to Hong Kong (1959)
1960s
Light Up the Sky! (1960) · Sink the Bismarck! (1960) · The Greengage Summer (1961) · H.M.S. Defiant (1962) · The 7th Dawn (1964) · Alfie (1966) · You Only Live Twice (1967)
1970s
The Adventurers (1970) · Friends (1971) · Paul and Michelle (1974) · Operation Daybreak (1975) · Seven Nights in Japan (1976) · The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) · Moonraker (1979)
1980s
Educating Rita (1983) · Not Quite Paradise (1985) · Shirley Valentine (1989)
1990s
Stepping Out (1991) · Haunted (1995)
2000s
Before You Go (2002)